Stop-motion animation is one of the oldest forms of animation and one of the most distinctive techniques in filmmaking. Its basic principle is simple: an animator photographs a physical object, moves it slightly, photographs it again, and repeats the process until the individual photographs create the illusion of continuous movement. The subject can be a puppet, clay figure, miniature, toy, paper cutout, model, or even a person. Although modern productions use digital cameras, computers, 3D printing, and sophisticated visual effects, the essential process remains the same as it was more than a century ago:
