Rockwell 63R

This is my first Calculator. I bought this Rockwell Scientific Slide Rule Calculator in 1975 at Service Merchandise in Sandy Springs , Georgia (Hammond Square Shopping Center) . I remember in high school the Trig teacher would be writing on the board and call out to me for the answer.

[From the National Museum of American History] This handheld electronic calculator has a tan, black, and brown plastic case with an array of twenty-five sloping plastic keys. These include ten digit keys, a decimal point key, a pi key, four arithmetic function keys, a total key, an exchange key, and two parenthesis keys. The top row of keys includes a clear entry/ clear key, an EE (enter exponent) key, a change sign key, a function key, and an ARC key.
Many of these keys have a different effect if the F or ARC key is pushed. Functions found in this way include inverses, exponents, powers, logarithms, square roots, trigonometric functions, inverse trigonometric functions, conversion from radians to degrees, conversion from degrees to radians, and factorials. The calculator also has memory keys. Behind the keys are a degree/radian switch and an on/off switch. Behind the switches is a twelve-character display that shows results in scientific notation, including eight digits of the result, two digits of the exponent in base ten, and the sign of both the number and the exponent.A mark along the front edge reads: SCIENTIFIC SLIDE RULE 63R. A mark behind the eight-digit fluorescent display reads: Rockwell. A jack for a power cord is on the back edge. A sticker on the back gives operating procedures and reads in part: Rockwell (/) International Microelectronics Product Division (/) Anaheim, CA 92803. Further text reads: Calculator Model 63R (/) Assembled in Mexico (/) U.S. and Foreign Parts.

Rockwell 63R Electronic Slide Rule sn259209
1975 – $99.99
There is no doubt that this was ‘slide rule’ calculator with the label on the front. This classic Rockwell design is a little larger than most. Odd pivoting keys in the normal Rockwell colors. It has an 8+2 digit blue VFD display with a ninth digit (and intervening one) for the minus signs. Display input starts at the left rather than the normal right. This particular specimen was used by a Hughes Aircraft employee and it had an asset tag, meaning the company owned it. It was assembled in Mexico.
Donated to ISRM by Scott Reynolds of Vintage Calculators Inc

Tivo

I couldn’t imagine watching television now without a DVR! Back in the day, you actually had to watch the show when it aired, later I could record it to VHS, now I can even pause live TV. People sometimes ask “Don’t you love that commercial?” and I have to tell them I hardly ever see a commercial. Also, I’ve been asked what day a certain show airs and I have no idea, since my recorder just records them and I don’t have to remember. TIVO Digital Video Recorder was released on March 31, 1999 and I went to Circuit City and bought one soon after. I used it for years but Comcast came out with DVRs that had more advanced features so instead of purchasing new TIVOs I just use theirs now.

Read more about TIVO on Wikipedia

Pi Zero Camera

[From https://picamera.readthedocs.io/%5D

The 1.2 model of the Raspberry Pi Zero includes a small form-factor CSI port which requires a camera adapter cable to attach a camera module to a Pi Zero:

  1. Remove the existing camera module’s cable by gently lifting the collar on the camera module and pulling the cable out.
  2. Next, insert the wider end of the adapter cable with the conductors facing in the same direction as the camera’s lens.
  3. Finally, attach the adapter to the Pi Zero by gently lifting the collar at the edge of the board (be careful with this as they are more delicate than the collars on the regular CSI ports) and inserting the smaller end of the adapter with the conductors facing the back of the Pi Zero.

Your setup should look something like this:
2.2. Testing

Now, apply power to your Pi. Once booted, start the Raspberry Pi Configuration utility and enable the camera module:
_images/enable_camera.png
You will need to reboot after doing this (but this is one-time setup so you won’t need to do it again unless you re-install your operating system or switch SD cards). Once rebooted, start a terminal and try the following command:

raspistill -o image.jpg

If everything is working correctly, the camera should start, a preview from the camera should appear on the display and, after a 5 second delay it should capture an image (storing it as image.jpg) before shutting down the camera. Proceed to the Basic Recipes.
If something else happens, read any error message displayed and try any recommendations suggested by such messages. If your Pi reboots as soon as you run this command, your power supply is insufficient for running your Pi plus the camera module (and whatever other peripherals you have attached).

Power and Charge Wirelessly

[From Wikipedia] Wi-Charge is an Israeli company developing technology and products for far-field wireless power transfer using focused infrared beams. Wi-Charge was founded in 2012 by Victor Vaisleib, Ori Mor and Ortal Alpert. The company is developing a unique far-field wireless power technology based on infrared laser beams. In 2015, Wi-Charge demonstrated its first prototype capable of charging small electronic devices.[1] In 2017, the company claimed to obtain compliance with international safety standards. During CES 2018, Wi-Charge demonstrated simultaneous charging of multiple devices from a single transmitter.[2] Wi-Charge claims to deliver power using focused beams of invisible infrared light. The system consists of a transmitter and a receiver. Transmitter connects to a standard power outlet and converts electricity into infrared laser beam. Receivers use a miniature photo-voltaic cell to convert transmitted light into electrical power. Receivers can be embedded into a device or connected into an existing charging port. The transmitter automatically identifies chargeable receivers and start charging. Several devices can charge at the same time. According to Wi-Charge it can deliver several watts of power to a device at several meters away.[3] The core technology is based on a distributed laser resonator which is formed by the retroreflectors within the transmitter and the receiver.[4] This unique concept allows the charging of multiple devices without any moving components and if an opaque object enters one of the beams the corresponding power transfer is turned off automatically.

A schematic description of typical wireless power transfer using a laser beam. A transmitter converts electricity into a light beam and a receiver on the other side converts the light back to electricity.

Foldable Glass

[From Venturebeat.com] Whether it’s named or used anonymously, Corning’s Gorilla Glass has been a key ingredient in smartphones since the first iPhone — except for folding phones, where the screens are covered in flexible plastic. The reason: Corning says that it’s still working on flexible glass that will meet the specific needs of smartphone users, a development process that could take a couple of years.
Though it went largely uncredited as a development partner for the first iPhone, Corning’s work to create a smartphone screen up to Apple’s standards was down to the wire. In fact, the iPhone’s switch from a plastic screen cover to glass was announced well after the device’s memorable on-stage debut. Over the years, the partnership yielded a series of scratch- and oil-resistant glass panes that could be made harder, thinner, more flexible, or shatter-proof — except not all at the same time.

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For years, Corning was working on a thinner solution — called Willow Glass — that was envisioned specifically for the curved bodies of future wearables. But, according to Wired, the company’s now trying to create an ultrathin, highly and repeatedly bendable glass suitable for folding devices. Unlike plastic, which will eventually develop permanent and visibly distorted creases in its folding zones, the glass will remain in its original shape.
The major challenge now is to simultaneously get the glass to a tight bend radius while enabling it to withstand drops — Corning says it can do one or the other at this point, but not both. For now, the glass can bend to a 3-5mm radius around 200,000 times, but not survive a serious drop event. The company aspires to create a 0.1mm thick glass that can bend to a 5mm radius without breaking.

Whether that radius is tight enough for next-generation foldables remains to be seen, but the inability to survive a drop would be a non-starter for smartphones and tablets  — especially for users of premium devices. Recently announced plastic-screened Samsung and Huawei foldables are slated to hit the market at $2,000 or more, insanely steep prices even for devices that could survive three or four years of normal use.
As the Wired report notes, the bigger problem for plastic-screened devices is that they won’t look as good as the glass smartphones customers are accustomed to. That was the reason Apple was willing to hold out until the last minute for a viable glass solution: The color transmissibility and scratch resistance of glass are visibly superior to plastic. Samsung and Huawei limited media handling of their devices at their launch events and Mobile World Congress booths to obscure these differences, but early foldable phone customers will certainly notice them and may well wish that they waited for later models with next-generation glass.

Quartz Data Storage

[From XME Science

Digital storage is incredibly easy and practical, but it has the downside of being prone to data loss. A book stored on your hard drive might last less than a hardcover. After four years, 11% of hard drives will fail. Solid state drives last a tad longer, but after a number of read-write cycles these too will inevitably fail. Cloud storage is your safest bet at the moment, but you’re at the whim of a third party. Now, for most practical purposes this can be fine, but if you need to store important data for … hundreds of years? This might seem absurd, but national archives are very serious about it and invest a lot in networks that backup data over and over. There might now be a more elegant solution after a team reports how they managed to cram 360TB worth of five-dimensional (5D) digital data onto a small quartz disk. The researchers claim the data is stable for as long as 13.8 billion years at temperatures up to 190 degrees Celsius.Southampton University researchers fired femtosecond laser pulses onto a structure of quartz at the nanoscale to write data. They made three layers of nano dots, each layer separate by only five microns. Another laser pulse fired on the structure measures the polarisation of the light. Changes in polarization can be used to read data.

“Coined as the ‘Superman memory crystal’, as the glass memory has been compared to the “memory crystals” used in the Superman films, the data is recorded via self-assembled nanostructures created in fused quartz. The information encoding is realised in five dimensions: the size and orientation in addition to the three dimensional position of these nanostructures,” reads a press release.

A light wave that is vibrating in more than one plane is referred to as unpolarized light. The light emitted by the sun, by a lamp in the classroom, or by a candle flame is unpolarized light. Such light waves are created by electric charges that vibrate in a variety of directions, thus creating an electromagnetic wave that vibrates in a variety of directions.